Post-Graduate Courses:Ph.D.Thesis 45 Credit; M Phil. Thesis 30 CreditChem: 6000 M. phil. Course in Organic ChemistryChem:6001 Chemistry of Natural Products 3 CreditTerpenes : Chemistry of important terpenes from various group e.g Humulene , Germacrone etc. Alkaloids: Structure and synthesis of some important alkaloids. Steroids: Synthesis, spectral properties configuration and reactions of steroids, hormones, growth regulators; biosynthesis of sterols. Chem: 6002 Chemistry of Biomolecules 3 CreditAmino acids: structure and bio-synthesis of proteins; purines; Nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. Fundamental role of nucleic acids in life processes, structures of DNA and RNA and their function, Lipids and phospholipids. Chem: 6003 Organic reagents in Synthesis 3 Credit Use of some of the more important organic and inorganic reagents in organic synthesis; Exercise in the synthesis of C-C; C-O, C-X, C-N,C-S and C-P bonds; exercise in the synthesis of complex molecules of nature. Chem: 6004 Carbohydrate Chemistry 3 Credit Configuration assignments and conformational analysis of mono and disaccharides. Use of optical methods including Hudson’s rule of isorotations and Lactone rule. Reactions of Sugars including their actions with acids and bases. Esters, ethers and acetals of sugars. Anhydro-sugar, branched chain sugar, unsaturated sugar, deoxy sugar and polyamine sugar.Polysaccharides: Structural investigation and group analysis Barry and Smith degradation; molecular weight determination etc. Amylose and amylopectin, cellulose, hemicullulose, glycogen and inulin. Sulphated polysaccharides and marine algal polysaccharides. Chem 6005 Spectroscopy and Structure of Organic Molecules 3 Credit UV Spectroscopy: Principle of measuredment, Electron excitation, Simple chromophore groups. conjugated systems and Aromatic systems. IR spectroscopy: Vibration spectra, factors affecting IR frequencies and applications. NMR spectroscopy: Introduction, Nuclear overhauser effect, Shift reagents. Dynamic polarisation. Interpretation of the spectral data. Mass spectrometry: Theory ; Spectrometer and application to structure determination of organic molecules. Application of all the spectroscopic methods in following the progress of reactions by diagnostic appearance and disappearance of functional groups in organic compounds and also in characterising the products. Application of spectroscopy in the elucidation of the structure of organic compounds. Chem 6006 Advanced Organic Reaction Mechanism 3 CreditStructure and bonds in organic molecules, Localised and nonlocalised bonds in terms of molecular orbital theory; Orbital symmetry and chemical reactions,electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reaction, Free radical reactions;mechanism of free radical reactions in substitution, addition, rearrangement and oxidation reactions. Photochemical reactions; isomerization, molecular rearrangement. Chem 6007 Advanced stereochemistry 3 Credit(i) symmetry elements; point groups; (ii) optical activity – its origin, atomic and conformation asymmetry;(iii) Variation of optical activity with wave length. Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism curves and their application, in determining the configuration and conformation of different compounds.(iv)conformational analysis, Reactivity of alicyclic, cyclic, fused and bridged ring systems. Curtin Hammet principle and its application in determining the course of reaction in different compounds.(v) Tricovalent Carbon; (vi) Optical activity due to atoms other than carbon. Chem 6008 Kinetic and Energetics of Organic Reactions 3 Credit (i) Thermodynmic considerations and study of energetics of organic reactions; Kinetics of organic reactions; consecutive reactions, the steady state approximation, parallel reactions, entropy of activation in conjunction with energy of activation particularly in reactions leading to cyclisation. (ii) Variation in kinetics in acid and base catalysed reactions, microscopic reversibility, correlation of reaction rates and equilibria; (iii) Solvent effects; (iv) isotopic effects (v) Linear free energy relationship; (vi) Application of the above concepts to substitution , addition and elimination reactions Chem 6009: Organo-metallic Chemistry: 3 Credit Nature of carbon metal bonding systems, structures and reactions of Organo-metallic compounds Organo-metallic reagents in organic synthesis . A general introduction to the types and nature of carbon metal bonding systems. Structures and reactions of : a. The alkali metal Organo-metallic with special reference to Organo-lithium. b. The alkaline earth metal compounds with special reference to Organo-magnesium reagents. c. The main group (iv) organometallics with special reference to organosilicon compounds. d. Organic compounds of transition metals: Reactions, structure, nature and stability etc. of complexes. e. A brief study of organophosphorus, antimony and bismuth compounds. Chem 6010: Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 3 Credit Types of heteroatomic structures, criterion of heteroaromaticity ; concept of abundancy and deficiency . Reactivity of heteratoms, role of heterocycles and heteroatoms as substituent and conductor of electronic effect. Chemistry of three four and five membered heterocycles. condensed five membered heterocycles, five-membered ring heterocycles with more than one heteroatom. Pyridine , equinoline and isoquinoline compounds. Addition to the cyano group to form heterocycles, tautomerism in purines, hydroxythiophene and hydroxy furan systems, Synthesis of heterocycles involving cycloaddition reactions, heterocycles of biological interest . Chem 6011 Biogenesis and Biosynthesis of Natural Product 3 Credit Introduction to primary and secondary metabolites, precursors. Methods used in study of Biosynthesis , chemical speculation, seasonal variation ,organisms with blocked bisynthesis pathways, feeding experiments, measurement of the efficiency of precursors and studies with enzymes, feed back and other regulatory mechanisms. Acetongenins-construction of acetate hypothesis, biosynthesis of saturated,unsaturated, fatty acids , polyacetylenes and aromatic polyketides.Isoprenoids-biosynthesis of mevallanat, the biological isoprene unit, alkylation of non-isoprenoids, alkylation, polymerization of isoprenoids ,tail to tail linkages and cyclization of poly isoprene chains to mono, sesqui,di-and tri-terpenes etc.Modifying reactions of triterpenes and steroids. Shikimic metabotites (Phenyl propanoids)-simple cinnamic acid derivatives ,flavounoids,coumarins, rotenoid, tropolones, lignins etc. Alkaloids and other amino acid derivatives alkaloids based on aliphatic amino acids; based on aromatic amino-acids, alkaloids derived from trytophene, other amino acid derivatives and peptide derivatives. Methods precursor incorporation experiments in Fugi, biosynthesis in cell free systems and biosynthesis in mutant organism. Chem 6012 Spectra of Organic Compounds 3 credit Introduction to electromagnetic spectrum, ultraviolet spectroscopy, electronic transition, simple chromophoric groups, conjugated systems, aromatic systems, use of UV spectra in structure determinations. Intrared spectroscopy, molecular vibrations and their interaction with infrared radiation, interpretation of IR spectra. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,magnetic properties of nuclei, the chmical shift, spin-spin intractions, nuclear magnetic double resonance, interpretation of the spectra of organic molecules. Mass spectroscopy, the production analysis of positive ions, molecular ion, application of isotopic abundance measurements , fragmentation modes of mass spectra of some representative compounds. The effect of stereochemistry on the above spectra will be discussed in each case. Chem 6013 Organic Synthesis: 3 Credit. Formation of carbon – carbon single bond via reactions of enolate anions, enamine reactions, bisthio carbonions 1,4-addition of organometallic compound of lithium diakyl and diaryl cuprates , carbenes and carbenoids and photocyclisation. Formation of C=C bonds via eleimination, oxidative decomposition reactions.Thermal and photosensitised Diel’s Alder reaction, its mechanism and stereochemistry, the “One” synthesis. Oxidation reaction: Selective oxidation of hydation of hydrocarbons ,olefines, alcohols, Baeyer villigre, photosensitised oxidation of olefines. Reduction reactions:Selective catalytic hydrognations dissolving metal reductions, hydride transfer reductions. Examples stereospecific synthesis, Synthesis of naturally occurring compounds. Chem 6014 Stereochemistry and Reactivity of Organic Compounds:3 Credit. Structure and symmetry point groups, stereoismrism, optical isomerism racemic modification , diasteromers, torsional isomrism, allotropisomers absolute configuration, conformational analysis, conformation and ractivity, stereochemistry or ring systems, Fused rings, allenens, macromolecules of tricovalent carbon. Optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism and their application. stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis . Stereochemistry and mechanism of reactions. Chem 6015 Chromatography Principle and Application 3 Credit. Fundamental types of chromatography : Liquid partition chromatography,thin layer and reversed phase partition chromatography: Chemical constitution and Rf value . Adsorption Chromatography, Gas liquid Chromatography, Colcumn efficiency and resolution , Various types of detectors, preparative, programmed temperature Gas chromatogrphy, Exclusion chromtography, gel permeation and ion Exclusion techniqus, ion exchange chromatography. Exchange equilibria plate theory, applications, electrophorsis and electrochromatography, mechanisation and automation of column chromatography. Solutions of different problems by chromatographic methods. Chem 6016 Advanced Topics in Chemistry: 3 Credit Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. Chem 6101 Chemistry of Coordination Compounds. 3 Credit Theories of Coordination: Valence bond theory, Crystal field theory, Ligand field theory and molecular orbital theory, Detailed study of different types of complexes. Stability constant of complexes: Different methods of determination of stability constant,application of stability constants in different fields e.g. life sciences, medicine , pollution, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, geochemistry etc. Chem 6102 Modern Methods of Chemical Analysis: 3 Credit Application of electroanalytical methods in chemical analysis Application of UV/visible IR spectro[photometry, Flamephotometry, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, turbidimetry, nephelelemtry ,optical rotatory dispersion/circular dichroism,NMR , Mass spectrometry,DTA and TGA in chemical analysis. Principles of Gas Chromatography and its applications. Chem 6103 Corrosion Science: 3 Credit. Thermodynamics of corrosion; Kinetics of hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reaction;hydrogen overvoltage, electrode kinetics, pourbais diagram, Theories of homogeneous corrosion and local cell reaction; corrosion in acidic, neutral and alkaline media . Role of inhibitors and alloying elements. Principles governing cathodic protection. Mechanism of atmospheric oxidation of metals and alloys. Study of selected systems of industrial importance. Chem: 6104 Studies on Crystal and Molecular Structure by Diffraction Methods: 3Credit. Classification of Crystals, Crystal shapes , Lattices and Unit cells, Crystal planes , Methods used in Crystal structure studies. Principles and application of electron microscopy ,electron diffraction , X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. Advanced methods of X-ray data collection. Patterson functions, image seeking functions and their use in structure analysis: Chem 6105 Advanced Electrochemistry 3 Credit: Activity and Activity coefficient, activities of electrolytes. The Debye-Huckel. Theory. Extension of th Debye-Huckel treatment, weak Electrolytes and the Debye-Huckel Theory. Electrolysis and Polarization: Electromotive Force and cells, Thermodynamic data from cell e.m.f. ; Polarization , deposition potential, determination of anode and cathode potentials, decomposition voltage of aqueous of solution. Processes at electrodes. Theories of overvoltage , mechanism of anodic and cathodic age. Rate of growth of overvoltage. The deposition and corrosion of metals. Physical nature of electrodeposition . Separation of metals by electrolysis. Electrochemical passivity and theories of passivity. Chem 6106 Chemistry of Polymer 3 Credit. Polymers: Polymerization reactions, kinetics of polymerization reactions, characterization: solubility Chart for identification of Polymer, specific Chemical tests for various polymers, thermal behaviours of Polymers; DTA and TGA studies , Mechanical behaviour of Polymers, viscoelastic studies, size and shape of macromolecules, internal frictions, swelling phenomenon and Crosslink density . Molecular weight determination using viscometry. Osmometry, light scattering ,ultracentrifuge and Gel permeation chromatography. Methods to study tacticity, stereoregularity and crystallinity, Electrical resistivity and dilectric behaviour. Chem 6107 Chemical Kinetics and Solution Thermodynamics: 3 Credit a) Order of reaction and practical measurement of reaction rate. Kinetics and mechanism of complex reactions. Effect of temperature on reaction rate. b) Analysis of the different laws of thermodynamics and its application to chemical systems, properties of Gibbs function . Thermodynamics of solution and partial molal quantities . Thermodynamics of mixing. Chem 6108 Chemistry of Pollution: 3 Credit Chemical equilibrium principles applied to the chemistry of natural and polluted water and to the chemistry of water treatment . Analytical methods applied in the control of water and air pollution . principles chemical separations involving adsorption , lon – exchange chromatography , solvent extraction methods . Fundamental concepts of adsorption , lon – exchange chromatography , solvent extraction methods , Fundamental concepts of adsorption and emmision spectroscopy . Industrial toxins and their toxicology. classification and analysis of inorganic and organic toxins. Radiation hazards Air pollution and analysis . Social and economic aspects of pollution. |
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Written by Md. Wahab Khan |
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